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§ 4 — From Anthropocentric Freedom to Sociogenic Freedom
Freedom in the modern sense arises from new ways of mitigating the tension between
- (a) man's innate disposition to act in ways determined by his own volition, and
- (b) the social limits imposed on personal latitude sought by the individual.
Prior to the spread of freedom in its contemporary form, society is largely characterised by severe and extensive repression of the anthropocentric freedoms of the population by a ruling elite supported by grossly anti-egalitarian cultural arrangements.
Modern freedom seeks a more even and inclusive dispersion among all members of the population of the right and the ability to pursue anthropocentric freedom. Under conditions of modern freedom,
options of freedom available to the individual are
- socially generated (sociogenic) by observance of rules applicable to all, as opposed to being
- centred in personal impulse and interest (anthropocentric), depending for their exertion on uneven advantages of power and status, and for most people on luck, covertness, cunning, or the absence of social resistance vis-à-vis personal impulse.
Under sociogenic freedom there is a deliberate, systematic, and socially enforced presumption in favour of
- (i) increasing freedom for all, and
- (ii) limiting freedom only to promote
(a) the equitable dispersion of personal freedom (e.g. equal legal rights), or
(b) other objectives designed to support forms of equality among citizens deemed fair and productive (the common good, equality of opportunity, equality of benefit-and-burden in taxation through progression etc).
Continued here.
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